Rating
0.0/5.0
Location
Nalanda , Bihar
Category
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Coordinates
Nalanda, Bihar, India - View on Google Maps
Theme: UNESCO World Heritage Site • Nalanda • Bihar
Quick Information
About Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
Nalanda was an ancient Mahavihara, a large and revered Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India. The site is located about 95 kilometres (59 mi) southeast of Patna near the city of Bihar Sharif, and was a centre of learning from the fifth century CE to c. 1200 CE. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The highly formalized methods of Jain and Buddhist learning helped inspire the establishment of large teaching institutions such as Taxila, Nalanda, and Vikramashila which are often characterised as India's early universities. Nalanda flourished under the patronage of the Gupta Empire in the 5th and 6th centuries and later under Harsha, the emperor of Kannauj. The liberal cultural traditions inherited from the Gupta age resulted in a period of growth and prosperity until the ninth century. The subsequent centuries were a time of gradual decline, a period during which the tantric developments of Buddhism became most pronounced in eastern India under the Pala Empire.
At its peak, the school attracted scholars and students from near and far with some travelling from Tibet, China, Korea, and Central Asia. Archaeological evidence also notes contact with the Shailendra dynasty of Indonesia, one of whose kings built a monastery in the complex.
Much of our knowledge of Nalanda comes from the writings of pilgrim monks from Asia such as Xuanzang and Yijing who travelled to the Mahavihara in the 7th century. Vincent Smith remarked that "a detailed history of Nalanda would be a history of Mahayanist Buddhism". Many of the names listed by Xuanzang in his travelogue as products of Nalanda are the names of those who developed the philosophy of Mahayana. All students at Nalanda studied Mahayana as well as the texts of the eighteen (Hinayana) sects of Buddhism. Their curriculum also included other subjects such as the Vedas, logic, Sanskrit grammar, medicine and Samkhya.
Nalanda was very likely ransacked and destroyed by an army of the Mamluk Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate under Bakhtiyar Khalji in c. 1200 CE. While some sources note that the Mahavihara continued to function in a makeshift fashion for a while longer, it was eventually abandoned and forgotten until the 19th century when the site was surveyed and preliminary excavations were conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India. Systematic excavations commenced in 1915 which unearthed eleven monasteries and six brick temples neatly arranged on grounds 12 hectares (30 acres) in area. A trove of sculptures, coins, seals, and inscriptions have also been discovered in the ruins many of which are on display in the Nalanda Archaeological Museum situated nearby. Nalanda is now a notable tourist destination and a part of the Buddhist tourism circuit.
On 25 November 2010, the Indian government, through an Act of Parliament, resurrected the ancient university through the Nalanda University Bill, and subsequently Nalanda University was established. It has been designated as an "international university of national importance."
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara is during the winter months (October to March) when the weather is pleasant and ideal for sightseeing. During this period, temperatures are moderate, making it comfortable to explore the attraction and enjoy outdoor activities. The monsoon season (July to September) should be avoided due to heavy rainfall, while summers (April to June) can be extremely hot. Early morning and late afternoon visits are recommended for the best experience and photography opportunities.
Tip: Check the local weather forecast before your visit and carry appropriate clothing based on the season.
How to Reach
By Air: The nearest airport to Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara is located in Nalanda. From the airport, you can take a taxi or use public transportation to reach the attraction.
By Train: Nalanda has well-connected railway stations with regular train services from major cities across India. From the railway station, local transport options like taxis, auto-rickshaws, or buses are available. For detailed travel information, check our how to reach guide.
By Road: Nalanda is accessible by road via national and state highways. You can drive your own vehicle, hire a taxi, or use intercity bus services. Use our distance calculator to plan your route. The roads are well-maintained and offer scenic views during the journey.
Local Transport: Once in Nalanda, you can use local buses, auto-rickshaws, taxis, or ride-sharing services to reach Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara.
Explore more attractions and travel information in Bihar.
Location: View location on Google Maps or check the map below for precise directions.
Entry Fees & Timings
Entry Fees: Please check the official website or contact the attraction authorities for current entry fees. Fees may vary for Indian nationals, foreign tourists, and children. Some attractions offer discounted rates for students and senior citizens.
Visiting Hours: The attraction is typically open from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. However, timings may vary on weekends, holidays, or during special events. It's advisable to verify the exact opening and closing times before your visit.
Best Time to Visit: Early morning (around 9:00 AM to 11:00 AM) and late afternoon (4:00 PM to 6:00 PM) are recommended for the best experience and to avoid crowds.
Note: Some attractions may require advance booking or have specific entry requirements. Check the official website for the latest information.
Things to Do
- Explore the Attraction: Take your time to explore Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara and appreciate its architecture, history, and natural beauty.
- Photography: Capture beautiful moments and scenic views. The attraction offers excellent photo opportunities throughout the day.
- Learn the History: Read about the historical significance and cultural importance of this attraction. Information boards and guided tours are often available.
- Enjoy Local Culture: Experience the local traditions, cuisine, and hospitality around the area. Explore more about Nalanda culture and attractions.
- Shopping: Explore nearby markets for local handicrafts, souvenirs, and traditional items.
- Nearby Attractions: Visit other popular attractions in the vicinity to make the most of your trip. Check out all attractions in Nalanda.
- Theme Exploration: Explore more UNESCO World Heritage Site attractions across India.
Travel Tips
- Weather: Check the weather forecast before visiting and dress accordingly. Carry water, sunscreen, and hats during summers.
- Footwear: Wear comfortable walking shoes as you'll likely do a lot of walking.
- Safety: Keep your belongings secure and be aware of your surroundings. Follow safety guidelines provided at the attraction.
- Photography: Respect photography rules. Some areas may restrict photography or require permits.
- Time: Allocate at least 2-3 hours for a proper visit to fully explore the attraction.
- Guides: Consider hiring a local guide for a more informative and enriching experience.
- Parking: Arrive early if you're driving, as parking spaces may be limited during peak hours.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
What is Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara?
Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara is a popular tourist attraction located in Nalanda, Bihar, India. Nalanda was an ancient Mahavihara, a large and revered Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India. The site is located about 95 kilometres (59 mi) southeast of P...
What is the best time to visit Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara?
The best time to visit Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara is during the winter months (October to March) when the weather is pleasant and ideal for sightseeing. Early morning and late afternoon visits are recommended for the best experience.
How to reach Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara?
You can reach Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara by air, train, or road. The nearest airport and railway station are in Nalanda. From there, you can use local transport like taxis, auto-rickshaws, or buses to reach the attraction.
What are the entry fees for Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara?
Entry fees may vary for Indian nationals, foreign tourists, and children. Please check the official website or contact the attraction authorities for current entry fees and any discounts available for students and senior citizens.
What are the visiting hours?
The attraction is typically open from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. However, timings may vary on weekends, holidays, or during special events. It's advisable to verify the exact opening and closing times before your visit.
What are the things to do at Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara?
Visitors can explore the attraction, take photographs, learn about its history and cultural significance, enjoy local culture and cuisine, shop for souvenirs, and visit nearby attractions to make the most of their trip.
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